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- Government
-
- Long-form name: Republic of Nicaragua.
-
- Type: republic.
-
- Capital: Managua.
-
- Administrative divisions: 9 administrative regions encompassing
- 17 departments (departamentos, singular--departamento);
- North, Atlantic Coast, South, Atlantic Coast, Boaco, Carazo,
- Chinandega, Chontales, Esteli, Granada, Jinotega, Leon,
- Madriz, Managua, Masaya, Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia, Rio San
- Juan, Rivas.
-
- Independence: 15 September 1821 (from Spain).
-
- Constitution: January 1987.
-
- Legal system: civil law system; Supreme Court may review
- administrative acts.
-
- National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September (1821).
-
- Executive branch: president, vice president, Cabinet.
-
- Legislative branch: National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional).
-
- Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema) and municipal
- courts.
-
- Leaders: Chief of State and Head of Government--President-Elect
- Violeta Barios de CHAMORRO (since 25 February 1990; takes
- office 25 April 1990); Vice President-elect Virgilio GODOY
- (since 25 February 1990; takes office 25 April 1990).
-
- Political parties and leaders:
-
- Ruling coalition: National Opposition Union (UNO)--14 party
- alliance: National Conservative Party (PNC), Silviano Matamoros;
- Conservative Popular Alliance Party (PAPC), Miriam Arguello;
- National Conservative Action Party (PANC), Hernaldo Zuniga;
- National Democratic Confidence Party (PDCN), Augustin Jarquin;
- Independent Liberal Party (PLI), Virgilio Godoy; Neo-Liberal
- Party (PALI), Andres Zuniga; Liberal Constitutionalist Party
- (PLC), Jose Ernesto Somarriba; National Action Party (PAN),
- Eduardo Rivas; Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN), Gustavo
- Tablada; Communist Party of Nicaragua (PCdeN), Eli Altimirano;
- Popular Social Christian Party (PPSC), Luis Humberto; Nicaraguan
- Democratic Movement (MDN), Roberto Urroz; Social Democratic
- Party (PSD), Guillermo Potoy; Central American Integrationist
- Party (PIAC), Alejandro Perez;
-
- Opposition parties: Sandinista National Liberation Front
- (FSLN), Daniel Ortega; Central American Unionist Party (PUCA),
- Blanca Rojas; Democratic Conservative Party of Nicaragua
- (PCDN), Jose Brenes; Liberal Party of National Unity (PLUIN),
- Eduardo Coronado; Movement of Revolutionary Unity (MUR),
- Francisco Samper; Social Christian Party (PSC), Erick Ramirez;
- Revolutionary Workers' Party (PRT), Bonifacio Miranda; Social
- Conservative Party (PSOC), Fernando Aguerro; Popular Action
- Movement--Marxist-Leninist (MAP-ML), Isidro Tellez; Popular
- Social Christian Party (PPSC), Mauricio Diaz.
-
- Suffrage: universal at age 16.
-
- Elections:
-
- President--last held on 25 February 1990 (next to be held
- February 1996); results--Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (UNO) 54.7%,
- Daniel Ortega Saavedra (FSLN) 40.8%, others 4.5%;
-
- National Constituent Assembly--last held on 25 February
- 1990 (next to be held February 1996); results--UNO 53.9%,
- FSLN 40.8%, PSC 1.6%, MUR 1.0%; seats--(92 total) UNO 51,
- FSLN 39, PSC 1, MUR 1.
-
- Communists: FSLN--35,000; other Communists--15,000-20,000.
-
- Other political or pressure groups: Permanent Congress of
- Workers (CPT), Confederation of Labor Unification (CUS),
- Autonomous Nicaraguan Workers' Central (CTN-A), Independent
- General Confederation of Workers (CTG-I), Communist Labor
- Action and Unity Central (CAUS), Nicaraguan Workers' Central
- (CST); Superior Council of Private Enterprise (COSEP) is
- an umbrella group of 11 different business groups, including
- the Chamber of Commerce, the Chamber of Industry, and the
- Nicaraguan Development Institute (INDE).
-
- Member of: CACM, CEMA (observer), FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB,
- IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB--Inter-American Development
- Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU,
- IRC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS, ODECA, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO,
- UPEB, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO.
-
- Diplomatic representation: Charge d'Affaires Leonor Arguello
- de HUPER; Chancery at 1627 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington
- DC 20009; telephone (202) 387-4371 or 4372; US--Charge d'Affaires
- John P. LEONARD; Embassy at Kilometer 4.5 Carretera Sur,
- Managua (mailing address is APO Miami 34021); telephone
- [505] (2) 66010 or 66013, 66015 through 66018, 66026, 66027,
- 66032 through 66034; note--Nicaragua expelled the US Ambassador
- on 11 July 1988, and the US expelled the Nicaraguan Ambassador
- on 12 July 1988.
-
- Flag: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white,
- and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the
- white band; the coat of arms features a triangle encircled
- by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on the top and AMERICA
- CENTRAL on the bottom; similar to the flag of El Salvador
- which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA
- DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white
- band; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five
- blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band.
-